Tag: Types

Types of Report Writing

A report is a dreadfully official document that is written to serve the range of purpose in the engineering and business disciplines; sciences and social sciences. Therefore, they need to be clear-cut and accurate. Good report writing call for— professionalism, profound knowledge of the subject, attentiveness, and outstanding writing proficiency.

Types of Report Writing —

  • Research Report Writing
  • Business Report Writing
  • Science Report Writing

Research Report Writing— To presents the tangible proof of the conducted research is the major intention of the academic assignment. When writing on research report, you must ponder over clarity, organization, and content. Research reports are all the more same to technical reports, lab reports, formal reports and scientific papers which comprise a quite consistent format that will facilitate you to put your information noticeably, making it crystal clear.

Business Report Writing— In business milieu, Business report writing happens to be an indispensable part of the communication process. Executive summary is written in a non-technical manner. By and large, audience for business reports will consist of upper level manager, for that reason you should take the audience needs in consideration. Go on with the introduction to articulate the problem and determine the scope of the research. To attain the desired results, don’t fail to state about the precise quantitative tools.

Science Report Writing— Parallel to a business report, science report writing also corresponds with the line of investigation. To report upon an empirical investigation, these reports make use of standard scientific report format, portraying technique, fallout and conclusions. As an assignment in undergraduate papers within the scientific disciplines, it is required frequently.

The main objective of the Science report is to boast an aim, the technique which enlightens how the project has been analyzed, the outcomes which presents the findings and the conclusion. This embraces advance research suggestions and your own biased opinion on the topic which has been talked about.

When writing a science report, do not fail to remember to use heading and subheadings in order to direct a reader through your work. In the form of tables and graphs, Statistical evidence should be incorporated in appendices. Than refer to it in the body of your scientific report.

Reports are a common form of writing because of the inclusion of recommendations which are helpful in implementing the decision.

Subsidiary – Types, Advantages and Disadvantages

Subsidiary is a company that is controlled by another company through a parent child relationship. A company is only said to be a subsidiary company if the parent has controlling interest by owning over 50% of the issued share capital. A Subsidiary on its own may have subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are considered separate legal entities for taxation and regulation purpose.

Types of Subsidiaries – Three types of Subsidiaries can be formed namely:

-Public Limited Liability

-Minimum Capital – Must be paid by the founders (minimum two members)

-Shares – Can issue nominative or bearer shares

-Management – Should have at least three directors. One director should be a permanent resident of the country

-Private Limited Liability

-Minimum Capital – Must be paid by the founders

-Shares – Shares need to be nominative. Bearer shares cannot be subscribed

-Management – Managed by one or more managers

-Co-operative Company with limited liability

-Minimum Capital – Three partners are needed. One quarter of capital contribution must be paid-in

-Shares – Shares are nominative

-Management – A co-operative company with limited liability and managed by one or more managers

Parent Company – Subsidiary Relation

It is important that the subsidiary is recognized as an independent corporation managed by the board of directors even though it was incorporated by the parent company. This does not mean that the subsidiary is uncontrolled. The parent company has the legal authority to hold the subsidiary accountable to meet the financial objectives.

For the Parent company to control the independent subsidiary it should be:

-The sole shareholder

-Include voting control provisions in subsidiary article

-Prepare bylaws defining the authority of the officers, their term in the office and removal

-Prohibit bylaws amendment without shareholder’s approval

Legal Risks

As long as the parent company holds its subsidiary accountable for the expectations of its board of directors there is little risk for the parent to be found liable for the wrong doings of the subsidiary. But, if the parent company exercises excessive control for example has the same board of directors, use of common letterhead, in such case the parent company and the subsidiary are treated as one and the parent company is responsible for the subsidiaries debts etc.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Subsidiary

Advantages

-Considerable tax advantages and legal protections

-Ability to offset profits and losses of one part of a business with another

-Some countries allow subsidiaries to file tax returns on the profits obtained in that country

-Liabilities and credit claims are locked in that subsidiary and cannot be passed on to the parent company

-Allows for joint ventures with other companies with each owning a portion of the new business operation

Disadvantages

-Legal paperwork involved with creating a subsidiary can be lengthy and expensive

-Control also becomes an issue when a subsidiary is partially owned by another outside organization

Essential Types Of Office Stationery Products And Its Uses

Apart from elegant and stylish furniture, office stationery is another important category that completes the establishment of an office. Although most of these supplies are inexpensive, it is quite important for the effective functioning of a company. Each business requires specific types of items; however, there are items which are universal.

Some Essential Items:

Paper: There are various types of business papers which are used in work places for the purpose of printing. A4 sized papers are among the most widely used products. It can be bought in bulk amount from most of the online stores at affordable price rates. There are different brands of business papers made available these days.

Folders and Documents: Folders and documents are quite essential for an organized environment. There are different types of folders made available on most of the online stores. There are stick files, plain files and so forth which can be bought from online stores.

Business Card: Another essential item required in a workplace is a business card. These cards are relatively small in size with the company logo, contact information, email ID, name and so forth. It is easy for prospective clients to search and order for products with the use of these cards.

Envelopes: Different types of envelopes are also used in an office to send documents, letters, invoices and so forth. Today it is easy to find a huge variety of envelopes listed on many of the online stores at affordable price rates. There are stores which offer bulk products too at discounted prices.

Letterhead Papers: It is quite essential to have letterhead papers to type official letters. Any business letter should be typed on a letterhead for a professional appearance. Letterheads include the name and the logo of the company.

Apart from these essential items, there are various other products which are quite pertinent for the smooth functioning of a business place. Items such as staplers and pins, pens, marker pens, glue stick and cello tapes are also required in a work place. Erasers, correction fluid, highlighter and correction tape are also essential for smooth functioning.

Several other small devices are also used in a workplace. Protractors, letter openers, scissors and compasses are available on many of the online and offline stores at affordable price rates.

In addition to these items, some of the most reputed online stores showcase a huge variety of products such as pen holders, document holders, calendars, paper diaries and so forth. There are various types of pen stands which can be made available at different price rates.

Some of the stores also showcase a variety of notebooks and diaries which can be used as business organizers too. It is possible to custom order these products with the name and the logo of the company from many of the online stores.

Business firms can buy or custom order from online stores at various price rates too. Bulk purchases can be made at discounted price rates from reputed online stores.

Types Of Online Business (Part 3)

E-commerce Stores

Another type of online business is an e-commerce store where you can sell your own products (digital or physical) or someone else’s products through drop-shipping. When selling your own products you need to make sure that you have enough space to house the products and once an order is placed, you need to ship them to your customers. With the drop-shipping model, the manufacturer will house the products and also ship them; you will only need to provide the online platform where customers can choose the products they would like to purchase and where they can pay. Once an order is placed, you need to pay the manufacturer the agreed amount for the product and shipping and he will take care of the rest. Ultimately you act as a middleman who attracts the customers, sells the products but have none of the hassle of housing or shipping the goods.

You can also set up your own store on eBay or Amazon and sell products provided by worldwide suppliers found on Alibaba.com and WorldwideBrands.com

The App Model

The App model for online business entails the creation of applications for use by smartphone users as well as for desktop use. After developing an application, you can either distribute it as a free or paid application. It is possible to make money through both free and paid applications.

In the case of paid applications for mobile phones, for example, the applications are paid for in incremental terms. These prices start from as low as $0.99 and increase incrementally. When using Apple as your app store front, you can receive as much as 30% of each app you sell. While the individual app sales may seem negligible, the cumulative sales can net you significant revenue.

The greatest advantage of selling your application is the potential to generate income. Additionally app stores such as Apple are more receptive to paid applications than they are to free ones.

The major source of income for free applications is pay-per-click advertising, which works on a similar premise as AdSense. It is also possible to make money with in-app spends or by using the free application as a preview for the paid variation of the application. You can use various advertising companies to add advertisements into your free application. These include Google Adsense, GreyStripe, iAd, Admob, Brightroll, among others.

The most attractive benefit of free apps is that you can continue to make money even after people have downloaded the application. On the contrary, paid apps only allow you to make money once, when the application is bought, unless it features in-app advertisements. You are also more likely to reach a greater audience because more people are inclined to download a free application than they are with a paid one.

APIs And Access To Data

An Application Programming Interface is a source code interface created and offered for other users to use it. An example of an API is Google Maps, which hosts snippets of data that relate to geo-location and mapping. Another great example is Facebook applications.

Through an API, developers can create applications that enhance users’ experience. Through APIs, websites are able to communicate with each other and use each other’s technological creations to come up with inventive products. One of the benefits of creating an open or free API is that it has the capacity to create backlinks to your e-commerce website. This can go a long way in boosting your rankings at the search engines, thereby generating free marketing for your e-commerce website and your business.

It is important that you limit the number of APIs you create and distribute, especially if you are looking to make money through the APIs. Limiting your APIs creates a demand for them, allowing you to charge a premium price to users who are interested in the API.

This model of online business offers companies the opportunity to specialize at a single stage of the data-access value chain. This is because the production or creation of data is typically a complex and intensive process that entails the use of human and technological resources. Nevertheless, once this data is developed, you are able to sell it to other users who will then develop the application further and perhaps sell it to other users down the value chain.

Application Programming Interfaces offer companies the opportunity to utilize web resources to release their processed output in a way that they themselves can control. In this way you, as the data publisher are in a position to provide the data freely for all users to access without jeopardizing your profit margins.

The Different Types Of Internet Consulting Services And Their Advantages

Internet consulting services can help businesses in many ways. Firms that offer these services employ professionals and can do anything from website design to increasing conversion rates. Other consulting services include strengthening a company’s online presence and marketing a website or products online. There are many benefits of hiring a consulting firm and taking advantage of all the consulting services they offer.

Increasing Conversion Rates

A company has a website for a variety of reasons. Most companies like to sell their products and services online so they can increase their customer base and their profits. It can be very difficult to prompt a potential customer to purchase a product on a website. Internet consulting firms offer services such as increasing conversion rates.

They have the tools and experience necessary to convert a person who is simply browsing a site into a customer. The more people who purchase products or services from a company’s website, the higher the company’s profits will be. E-commerce websites that don’t help a company succeed are only hindering it and are not worth the money, time, and effort. By using the many services provided by internet consulting firms, e-commerce websites become a worthy investment.

Strengthening a Company’s Online Presence

Businesses won’t get as much traffic to their website or customers at their stores if they have a weak online presence. It can be difficult to figure out how to create a strong online presence. Consulting firms offer services that include strengthening a company’s online presence and spreading the word about the company’s website and products online.

The consulting firm will utilize social media websites to market a business and its products, and they can create a professional business blog to help businesses connect with potential customers. By creating a blog and using social media, businesses will get the exposure they need, and traffic to their website will increase as a result.

Saving Money

Businesses that want to be successful online will have to invest in a plethora of tools and books to give them the ability and knowledge they need to help their business. Purchasing software, books, and other items can cost a lot of money, and even with all of these tools, success is not guaranteed. By using consulting services, people can spend a lot less money, and they’ll be able to hire professionals that will do a much better job.

Website Design

Another service offered by internet consulting firms is website design. Websites are a crucial part of a company’s online presence. A website that is badly designed will deter users from browsing the site and purchasing items or services. Websites need to look professional, and they need to be easy to navigate. By using an internet consultant firm’s web design services, businesses can attract more customers with an easy-to-use, professional website that is appealing.

Being More Productive

Companies that attempt to manage their website and online marketing by themselves will waste valuable time that should be spent on other important aspects of their business. By using the services offered by internet consulting firms, businesses can concentrate on other important things like the quality of their products or customer service.

Internet consulting services have many advantages and can help businesses succeed online. There are many different services available to help businesses in every way.

Types of Business Licenses and Permits

The last thing you want to find out after starting your business is that you have failed to conform to the law by not filing for the right permits for your business. Before establishing a small business, you should pay attention to your town, city, and county regulations. In most locations, every business needs a basic license which is sometimes called a tax registration certificate. Apart from this, other permits and licenses may be required as well.

Business licenses and permits are issued at all levels of government – federal, state and local (city, county, or town). Depending upon the kind of business you are running, you may need to apply for licenses at multiple levels. For example, if you decide to open a restaurant in the city of San Francisco, you will need a business license and health permit from the city of San Francisco, sales tax license from the state of California and a federal tax ID number from the U.S. federal government.

Not sure what kind of license or permit you need for your business venture? Well, as usual, we’ve made it simple for you. Below is a quick checklist covering the most common federal, state, and local licenses and permits you may need to acquire before commencing business:

Business License – This is the basic license that you will need to operate a business legally. If the business is located within city limits, a license must be obtained from the city; if outside, it is procured from the county. Contact your city’s business license department to file an application. Also remember that you need to pay an annual fee.

Federal Employer Identification Number (EIN) – Also known as a tax identification number, this is required for almost all types of businesses. Depending on where your business is located, you may also need to acquire a similar tax identification number from your state.

Zoning and Land Use Permits – Before you start your business, you have to find out if the space you are going to use is properly zoned for the kind of usage that is planned. You may need a zoning compliance permit. Zoning laws regulate off-street parking, waste disposal, and the size, construction and placement of signs.

Health Department Permits – If your business involves the preparation and/or sale of food, you will need a county health department permit. Note that the health department will inspect your facilities before issuing one.

Sales Tax License – This license is essential before you can sell almost any product or service in any state.

Fire Department Permits – Businesses such as restaurants, day-care centers or any other that attract a large crowd need a permit from the fire department.

Special State-Issued Business Licenses or Permits – You may need special licenses if your business involves the sale of certain types of products including liquor, lottery tickets, gasoline and firearms.

Special State-Issued Occupational / Professional Licenses – In many states, people in certain occupations must have licenses or occupational permits. State licensing is typically required for auto mechanics, plumbers, electricians, building contractors, collection agents, insurance agents, real estate brokers, repossessors and personal service providers (beauticians, cosmetologists, therapists and masseurs). If you are thinking of starting any of these businesses, you will have to pass state examinations in order to get the permit. Contact your state government offices to get a complete list of occupations that require licensing.

Special Federal Business Licenses or Permits – You may also require special business licenses from the federal government if your business involves investment advising, drug manufacturing, preparation of meat products, broadcasting, manufacturing tobacco, alcohol or firearms.

Licensing and permit requirements for small businesses vary from state to state; it is therefore a good idea for you to contact your state and local government to determine the specific obligations for your new business.

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